The procedure also goes by the name Wirtz-Conklin method, referring to two bacteriologists during the 1900s. Schaeffer and MacDonald Fulton, two microbiologists at Middlebury College, during the 1930s. Īfter drying, the slide can then be viewed under a light microscope. Most aerobic spore-forming species are easily isolated and readily grown in the bacteriology laboratory. In the laboratory, under optimal conditions of growth, Bacillus species exhibit generation times of about 25 minutes. They are found growing over a range of pH from 2 to 11. The slide is then rinsed again, and blotted dry with bibulous paper. Others are true psychrophiles, able to grow and sporulate at 0 degrees. The slide is then stained with diluted safranin for two minutes, which stains most other microorganic bodies red or pink. After cooling, the slide is rinsed with water for thirty seconds. After five minutes, the slide is removed from the steam, and the paper towel is removed. Malachite green is applied to the slide, which can penetrate the tough walls of the endospores, staining them green. The slide is then suspended over a water bath with some sort of porus paper over it, so that the slide is steamed. Using an aseptic technique, bacteria are placed on a slide and heat fixed. After cooling, the slide is decolorized with water and counterstained with safranin. The Schaeffer- Fulton endospore stain uses heat to drive the primary stain(malachite green) into the endospore. The primary stain is malachite green, and the counterstain is safranin, which dyes any other bacterial bodies red.Įndospores cannot be stained by normal staining procedures because their walls are practically impermeable to all chemicals. The Schaeffer–Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate endospores by staining any present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red. A stained preparation of Bacillus subtilis showing endospores as green and the vegetative cell as red
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